Cesarean delivery, also known as a c-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby when a vaginal delivery is not possible or safe for the mother or baby. This may be due to complications during pregnancy, such as placental previa or fetal distress, or other medical reasons. Cesarean deliveries account for a significant portion of births worldwide and have become increasingly common in recent years. Research in this area focuses on improving maternal and neonatal outcomes, reducing unnecessary c-sections, and understanding the long-term effects of cesarean delivery on both mothers and babies.